Means for degreasing metal surfaces before painting, composition and properties

Passing the degreasing quality test

It is necessary to apply a few drops of boiled water to the treated surface. This is the most accessible and fastest way to check degreasing.
This is especially true for metal coatings. If cleaning is done poorly, a drop of water will take a spherical shape and freeze in one place. With ideal cleaning, the drop will spread over the entire surface and become flat. Water should flow smoothly from a vertical covering, leaving behind a trace. This will mean that the surface is ready for gluing. This test is not entirely suitable for plastic coverings. It may be clean, but a drop will not moisten it.

Degrease for gluing

Do you know how to properly apply putty to a car?
Let's immediately look at the best way to degrease bases that will stick together in the future:

1. Organic solvent
2. Water detergent
3. Alkaline preparation
4. Special alkaline compounds

How to degrease the surface before gluing?

We have already found out what materials are suitable for metal, but for polymers or rubber we should use trichlorethylene, tetrachlorethylene or isopropyl alcohol. However, an important condition for the use of such products is the resistance of the processed product to dissolution under the influence of these solutions. If you want to use an organic solvent, then remember some rules for its use:

If you already understand how to degrease a surface, then let’s look at how to prepare surfaces yourself:

• The first step is to remove paint, rust or scale - a metal brush or sharpening machine will help here.
• Sandblasting may often be required - the process involves using water with the addition of particles of quartz sand, which are sprayed onto the surface to be treated under high pressure. By the way, this is the method used to paint cars.
• When the processing is completed, all elements are washed under running water and after complete drying, degreasing and subsequent gluing begin

In general, there is nothing complicated about degreasing yourself, and if you are going to glue or paint various materials yourself, then treating and preparing the surface before subsequent finishing will not be difficult at all.

Any surface must be degreased before painting or carrying out other repair work. Degreasing refers to the process of removing any contaminants - dust, glue, grease, emulsions, old paint residues, and ordinary dirt. Methods and means for degreasing a surface are varied, most of them are easy to use at home.

White Spirit

How to choose the right anti-freeze fluid for your car

One of these organic solvents is white spirit, familiar to everyone. It is used at the initial stage of body processing. Then, at finer stages, a mixture of alcohol is used. This solution will thoroughly wash away traces of grease from the metal surface. But there are other preparations that can be used to degrease the surface of a car. One such product is trichlorethylene. This is the most famous representative of the group. It enters into an active reaction upon contact with aluminum bodies. In this case, during the reaction, flammable substances are released, which increase the risk of fire in accidents. It is highly undesirable to use it.

If trichlorethylene reacts with water, then a sticky mass will form on the body, which is not so easy to remove. If there is no other option than to degrease the surface of the car, then this drug will do. But it only works if there is no moisture on the coating.

Degreasing technology

How to choose the right anti-freeze

Before starting work, you need to take care of safety precautions. Be sure to wear protective rubber gloves, a respirator and goggles. Special clothing will also be useful. The room in which degreasing will take place must be well ventilated. Avoid carrying out this type of work near an open fire, as all liquids used are highly flammable, which can lead to a fire.

Main stages:

• Degreasing is mandatory before priming and painting. It is not necessary to do this before puttying.
• There should be no humidity, drafts, or dust in the room.
• Apply the solution only with lint-free rags or napkins soaked in liquid.
• After treatment, wipe the surface with a dry cloth.
• Do not touch the treated surface with your hands.

We figured out what is the best way to degrease the surface of a car. Let's summarize some results

The importance of the car degreasing process is obvious. If you skip this step, the painting process will fail in 90% of cases.

Xylene - solvent for car enamels

When carrying out degreasing work, safety regulations must be strictly followed.

Before you start work, you must carefully select the right tool, taking into account the material from which the workpiece is made. If the fluid is selected incorrectly, there is a high probability of damage to the parts being painted.

When the surface is degreased, do not touch it with your hands or clothing. If this does happen, degrease the area again. By using the right preparations and completing the work without disrupting the technological process, you can count on a good result.

Preparing to paint a car with your own hands is a procedure that consists of several stages, and each of them is important in its own way. Proper filling, proper priming of the car and degreasing of the metal before painting are important. A lot has been written about the correct selection of putty and primer, but the quality of the paint layer will also depend on how to degrease the metal before painting, so it is worth considering this issue in more detail.

Preparing to paint a car yourself

Compositions for painting wood

Painting wooden surfaces can be done with several types of finishing materials. Each option differs in the composition and appearance of the resulting coating.

Paints

Wood paints are consistently popular. They allow you to renew the surface, but hide the natural texture. If the technology is followed, the result is a coating that is distinguished by individuality and a magnificent decorative effect.

The following compositions can be used in the work:

Oily. This variety is currently used quite rarely. This is due to the many negative qualities that the mixture has. Among them, the sharp and toxic odor, as well as the long drying time, stand out. The composition is used for painting wooden bases and household products.

The advantages of oil paint include good adhesion and high covering power.

Alkyd enamels. This option, like the previous one, has become less popular, but demand remains at a good level. This is because the mixture is excellent for outdoor woodwork. After application, a thin film is formed on the surface, thanks to which it is possible to emphasize the texture of the base. In addition, enamel has low vapor permeability, which reduces the risk of wood deformation when exposed to moisture. They are not durable.

Alkyd compounds are best used for outdoor use as they have a toxic odor

Water-emulsion (water-dispersed):

• Acrylic. The basis of such solutions is water and acrylic resins; they also contain additional modifiers. Due to this, the mixture turns out to be completely environmentally friendly. The scope of application is wide: it can be internal and external surfaces and even furniture. Possessing elasticity, the material prevents the appearance of cracks and damage to the wood.
  Acrylic water-based coating is an environmentally friendly, fireproof type of coating with good adhesion. Latex. Hides surface cracks up to 1 mm wide, a good option for protecting the coating from the harmful effects of moisture. Compared to acrylic paints, latex paints are more moisture resistant

  Thus, to the question: is it possible to paint wood with water-based paint, the answer will be in the affirmative. These products are considered the most preferable. It not only has excellent characteristics, but is also well tinted, which allows you to realize your design imagination.

  When deciding what to paint a tree with, be sure to take into account that paint is not the only option; varnish is an excellent alternative. It is a composition based on natural or synthetic resins. Various substances that determine the properties of the material can be used as a solvent. The resulting film can be transparent or change (emphasize) the texture of the wood.

  Colored varnishes allow you to imitate various types of wood

  Several composition options are suitable for work:

  Read also:  Varnish for cork floors: rules for selection and application, detailed description of the technological process
• Polyurethane. It is most in demand because it dries quickly and has excellent durability. But due to the presence of a solvent in the composition, it has a specific odor.
• Water. Suitable for work outdoors and inside the house. It is environmentally friendly, but requires impregnation of the base with a primer. It may take up to 24 hours to dry.
• Acrylic. A modern composition with good decorative qualities. The disadvantage is the high price.
• Nitrolac. It has low light fastness and is suitable for working with inexpensive furniture.

Varnish can be an independent coating or an auxiliary protective coating when applying paint to wooden surfaces. In this case, you need to choose the right foundation to achieve the best effect.

Other dye options

These may be the following substances:

1. Stain. Allows you to give the wood a richer texture. For example, after treating cheap pine with a properly selected stain, the appearance of noble oak is created. Can act as a protective impregnation.

Today, most manufacturers produce stain in several shades that are as close as possible to the natural color of natural wood.

Potassium permanganate. The solution is prepared in the proportion of 50 g of manganese per 1 liter of warm water. The mixture is well treated with the base, if necessary in several layers. If you paint the floors with this composition, they will look like dark walnut.

Regardless of the material chosen, the surface is coated with colorless varnish.

Composition of nail degreaser

Select the appropriate volume of degreaser

Only alcohols can dissolve fat efficiently without causing damage to living tissue. Therefore, the degreaser is based on isopropyl alcohol and ethyl acetate . May contain methyl ethyl ketone for better dissolution and increased volatile properties, which ensures quick drying.

In addition, for additional care of the plate, plant extracts and vitamins . The presence of oil components is excluded. This is why ordinary nail polish remover is not suitable as a degreaser - there are always oil additives to nourish the nail plate and give it elasticity.

Why is isopropyl alcohol the best base for a degreaser? It is easily mixed with water components in any ratio and has excellent disinfectant properties.

The degreaser looks the same as clear varnish: it is a transparent liquid.

What products are used to degrease different surfaces?

Before painting or gluing wallpaper, the surfaces must be specially treated; there should be no grease film, dust, dirt, or remnants of previous coatings. Let's see what we can do to degrease the surface.

Why do you need to degrease?

What is defatting? Dirt and dust on the surface significantly reduces the adhesion of the surface to the finishing material. The durability of the applied coating or the quality of adhesion will be poor. The glue or paint materials will bond not to the surface, but to the mud layer. They degrease metals, plastic, glass, wood and other materials for the reason that oil or fatty areas that are always present on the substrates also prevent the adhesion of paints or adhesives. Let's see what you can use to degrease surfaces before painting.

On video: why degrease the part before painting.

Gasoline, acetone, diesel

Beginners who are far from painting cars may confuse the smell of solvents with gasoline, acetone, kerosene, diesel - the liquids have a similar smell. These materials do not have any particular difference in properties and characteristics. Liquids are capable of dissolving mastics, bitumen stains, and fats. However, kerosene and diesel fuel are very difficult to wash off, but they are suitable as a degreasing agent.

Professional car washers use kerosene, but car washes also use special equipment that makes it easy to remove traces of kerosene from the surface of a car and the smell. In garages, you should not treat the car with kerosene before painting it, it can only cause harm.

You should also be careful with acetones, solvents 645 and 646. But this only applies to car bodies

These solvents can be used with other metals.

Antisilicone as a degreaser for metal

This material is optimal for cars. With this product you can safely remove traces of grease, dirt and dust for subsequent painting work. These preparations are optimal when you plan to completely paint the car, as well as for local touch-ups.

Anti-silicones show good degreasing results - they do not affect metal and do not destroy old paint.

Degreasers for plastic

The situation with plastic is more complicated. There are many types of plastic, and how to degrease plastic depends on the plastic itself. So, some types of plastic products will bubble from benzenes or acetones, while other plastics will blur from gasoline. Other types of plastic will even dissolve in dichloroethane. It is difficult to say for sure whether a universal degreaser can be used.

A number of plastics may be indifferent to white spirit and degreasing the surface is quite possible. With automotive plastic, it is better not to take risks and purchase special preparations - soft composition Piton or APP WK900. Rubber can also be treated with the same substances.

If you are looking for a way to degrease plastic surfaces as safely as possible, then it is better to pay attention to antistatic agents. This is the safest composition

Plastic tends to become electrified and attract dust. This becomes a headache - fatty films are very difficult to remove. With the help of antistatic agents, this problem can be solved easily and quickly - the liquid will remove not only dust, but also grease.

Non-critical plastic parts are degreased with solvent 646, alcohol, Veltosept, and ammonia. You can also treat the surface with regular vodka. How to degrease – moisten a napkin with the liquid and wipe the surface.

Products for wood and glass

Let's see how to degrease a wooden surface before painting. Thus, wood with resin, traces of old varnish and paint must first be cleaned with a metal brush or sandpaper.

If the dirt has penetrated very deeply, then even a good means cannot remove it - a plane will help here. With its help, you can remove the layer affected by dirt and then you can refuse to degrease before painting.

How to degrease the surface before painting if it is glass? Glass, unlike plastic products, is much more relaxed about aggressive drugs. If the goal is gluing glass, you can use a universal solvent and even alcohol. If you need to wash glass, it is better to choose specialized materials.

Effect of a degreaser: what procedures is it used for?

The degreaser is used for all types of manicure where the master uses an artificial coating: when applying gel polish, shellac, gel extensions .

In addition to preparing the nail plate with a degreaser, remove the sticky layer of gel , and also wash the brushes after extensions, wipe the reflectors of the UF lamp and its other parts. The degreaser acts as an antiseptic for quick cleaning of instruments without causing rust during prolonged use.

See how to prepare your nails for gel polish using a degreaser.

What is a nail degreaser and what does it look like?

Nail degreaser is a liquid that contains alcohol and other drying and disinfecting components. It is necessary when performing a professional manicure in order to:

• remove dust remaining after shaping nails and polishing skin;
• rid the surfaces of natural fat and moisture, sawed-off microscopic fragments of the previous coating;
• improve the adhesion of the material to the nails;
• prevent the growth of bacteria in the sinuses in case of detachments;
• remove the sticky layer from the dried base, flower bed, top.

The product looks like water, that is, it is often transparent, but with a noticeable odor. It may also be tinted. It comes in a bottle with a regular screw cap or with a dispenser. The second is more convenient, since the pump delivers exactly the volume that is needed. But sometimes liquid remains at the bottom of the bottle and is difficult to remove.

Nail degreaser with pump

Nail degreaser is a mandatory component when applying gel polish or gel. There are several varieties of this product:

• dehydrator,
• clinser,
• actual degreasing liquid.

They differ slightly in composition and purpose; the last two can successfully replace each other. The choice of product depends on the type of nails and skin. For some people, a degreaser is better; in other cases, a dehydrator will help you wear the coating longer.

In the category of preparatory products for professional manicure, there are also primers and ultrabonds. They are also designed to dry the nails so that the coating adheres more reliably to them. But the difference is that these agents penetrate the surface layers of the plates, loosening them. An acid primer has the maximum aggressive effect on nails. The most gentle one is Ultrabond, which works like double-sided tape.

Compound

The composition of the liquid may include:

• isopropyl alcohol.
• ethyl acetate,
• acids,
• water,
• flavoring components.

Among degreasers, there are products with more and less aggressive effects, but their ingredients do not penetrate deep into the nails and do not harm the skin.

Same thing as a cleanser, a dehydrator

Cleaner and degreaser are the same product, designed to clean surfaces of anything that would interfere with the adhesion of the nail and the material. The second liquid fights fat more actively. The cleaner is designed to remove the sticky layer, but the composition of the product is such that it also cleans and dries surfaces. Tack remover and degreaser are used in the same way.

A nail dehydrator is also a type of pre-primer product, but it does a better job of removing natural moisture. They do not wipe the plates and skin with it, but apply it to the surface of the former with a brush.

Review of popular degreasers

For a good manicure, you don’t have to buy a lot of bottles. Often, nail technicians, to save money, use universal or multifunctional liquids that combine several products. Available in packaging with different amounts of liquid in bottles.

Severina. The Severina degreaser has a relatively low cost, while combining the standard functions of a degreaser and a classic cleaner. Eliminates excess moisture from the surface layers of the nail.

Orly. The 3 in 1 Gel FX Cleanser combines three necessary products that need to be used to treat the nail before and during a manicure: a degreaser, a dehydrating dehydrator, and a dispersion-removing clinser.

Canni . A harmonious tandem of degreaser and dehydrator in one bottle. Professionally prepares the nail plate for any nail modeling system.

My Nail. Prep Nail combines two professional products – a dehydrator and a degreaser. Recommended for use before gel extensions or gel polish coating.

Kodi . Cody's Nail fresher product thoroughly degreases, removes excess moisture, disinfects, and acts as an acid-free primer. Suitable for use before coating with any material.

You probably don't know:

• How to use acrylic powder to strengthen nails?
• Acrylic on your own nails
• Nail correction with gel at home for beginners step by step

Glass

Glass is also indifferent to more aggressive liquids than white spirit, and here it is unnecessary to be careful. The question is: why is degreasing carried out? If its purpose is bonding (for example, when replacing a cracked rear view glass), then white spirit is quite suitable.

But if you wash the windshield from oily substances before tinting or gluing the film, then it is better to turn your attention to other solvents. The fact is that white spirit leaves behind quite noticeable, slightly oily stains

It is especially undesirable to use it under film - such patterns will remain with you forever. And even if they are not too noticeable, visibility will still be somewhat impaired

The fact is that white spirit leaves behind quite noticeable, slightly oily stains. It is especially undesirable to use it under film - such patterns will remain with you forever. And even if they are not too noticeable, visibility will still be somewhat impaired.

If we summarize the experience of many generations of car enthusiasts, then the question of whether it is possible to degrease with white spirit can definitely give a positive answer. How to prime plastic before painting with acrylic paint? You just need to do this necessary and painstaking process in a well-ventilated garage or even on the street, in the open air.

And it wouldn’t hurt to wear a special protective mask or respirator.

Additional Information:

In the presented algorithm, a car degreaser is used in 3 stages

The most important stage is the treatment before painting. If you ignore the recommendation, defects in the paint will soon appear - bubbles, peeling, shriveled areas

The use of water or detergent-based solutions is highly discouraged, since after drying the metal surface, traces of rust will appear on it. An organic solvent is no less effective for such procedures.

It is important that the napkin that will be used to wipe the surface does not have lint. It is best to take a piece of white calico fabric

It needs to be moistened with the composition and wiped the surface until there are no traces of dirt left on it.

Plastic parts, as well as products made of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, are treated with water-containing degreasers. Antisilicone and antistatic are excellent for plastic. Specialists mainly use white spirit at the beginning of work, and immediately before applying paint and varnish, they use compositions based on phosphoric acids or alcohols.

1. Work only in a ventilated area. 2. You must wear rubber gloves. 3. Work only in appropriate clothing and a respirator. 4. Store in compliance with the rules for the safe storage of flammable compounds. 5. Is it possible to degrease metal with white spirit before painting? Keep away from direct sunlight.

Any surface needs to be cleaned and degreased before painting, this ensures better adhesion between the working surface and the protective or decorative coating. Degreasing methods depend on the type of surface, its material, and the amount of painting work. Let's consider the problem using the example of degreasing metal surfaces

Purpose and use of degreaser

Many beginners and amateurs often have the question of what degreasing is and which is better. Professionals and experienced builders and motorists know that a dirty, greasy and dusty surface greatly reduces adhesion, so painting or gluing will not be done in the best possible way. In this case, durability and quality will be severely affected. In the case of gluing and paintwork, contact will not be made with the surface we need, but with a layer of dirt or dust. In order to increase adhesive properties and increase the chances of effective use of paint, it is necessary to use a degreaser.

A degreaser is a special chemical composition that acts on fats, dust and bitumen compounds, making the surface smooth and clean, suitable for painting or gluing. The product is used quite often and in many areas of life.

Mainly used:

• in construction;
• in the automotive industry.

Degreasers are often used at home, since the product is unpretentious and easy to use. Can also be used before painting. However, you should adhere to safety precautions when using this product, since the composition is highly concentrated and chemically unsafe.

Functions:

1. Removing preserved coating;
2. Preparing the coating for gluing and painting;
3. Removing dirt and dust;
4. Fighting corrosion.

When using fat-free products, precautions must be taken. They are written mainly on the packaging of each manufacturer, since the product is a source of increased danger. When using the product, you must wear protective gloves, as otherwise the horse's coat may be damaged. You must formulate a clear understanding that a substance that can dissolve fat and remove dirt cannot be harmless to health. In addition, this liquid is highly flammable.

Storage

The degreaser must also be stored according to established rules.

Main rules:

1. The vial containing the substance must be closed;
2. It is necessary to protect the container from sunlight;
3. You must follow the instructions on the packaging. The temperature should not exceed 30 degrees Celsius.

If you do not adhere to storage rules, negative consequences may occur. For example, when temperatures rise, fires can occur.

Important. After purchasing the product, it is necessary to consider for what purpose it is intended and how it is used. In such cases, achieve maximum results. If you do not follow safety rules, the product has a negative effect.

Popular solvents

Many home craftsmen and car owners who repair their cars themselves are wondering how to degrease parts before painting. In addition to time-tested products, more effective formulations are available today.

White spirit

White spirit enjoys well-deserved popularity. It is a clear, uncolored liquid with a strong odor typical of petroleum products. One of the commercial names under which it is presented on the market is “Nefas C4”.

It is universal in use and is highly effective. It is capable of degreasing any grease and fatty compounds, as well as many organic substances. Excellent for thinning most oil-based paints. Therefore, after applying it to the part, you do not need to wait for it to dry completely, but you can immediately begin applying primer or paint. The product differs from other formulations in its high evaporation rate. When using white spirit, it is also necessary to thoroughly ventilate the room and use personal protective equipment.

Solvent 646

This composition has a yellowish tint and a pungent odor. It was originally positioned as a paint thinner, but is also successfully used to degrease metal parts. Excellent for removing old layers of paint from parts, for washing brushes, rollers and other painting equipment.

The best compatibility is achieved with the following types of paints:

• based on nitrocellulose (labeling NC);
• glypthal (GF);
• based on epoxy resins
• acrylic;
• melaninoamide (MP);

Solvent 646

The composition has certain restrictions on the conditions of use. It can best degrease when:

• temperature +5 - +30 °C;
• relative air humidity less than 85%.

In this case, the metal acquires shine and gloss and no rainbow stains remain.

When working with this effective and popular product, it is worth remembering that it is flammable and harmful to health. Personal protective equipment is required: gloves, goggles, respirator. It is strictly prohibited to use open fire, including smoking, within 5 meters of the work site. The room must be well ventilated or equipped with exhaust ventilation.

Acetone - classic

Acetone is one of the classic, decades-tested means for removing oil and grease stains and deposits. It is a volatile, transparent, colorless liquid with a sharp, characteristic odor. Acetone can degrease vegetable, animal and mineral oils and resins.

The substance is widely used for diluting paints and varnishes. It is used both in pure form and as part of other solvents, for example, together with alcohol.

Acetone

Due to the exceptional volatility of the liquid, when working with acetone, it is necessary to carefully observe safety precautions - do not use open flames, do not smoke, use safety glasses and gloves, and a respirator. You should not bend over a container with acetone - involuntary inhalation can cause dizziness and even loss of consciousness

Silicone enamels and paints

In the practice of preparing surfaces for painting, methods of degreasing and removing old paint coatings using removers have become widespread. Typically, various organic solvents are widely used in the formulations of these compositions. The process of degreasing with the help of solvents consists of dissolving and removing from the surface of products various contaminants of organic origin: oily, fatty and waxy substances that are the remains of grinding, polishing, finishing pastes, preservative lubricants, removers, etc.

For degreasing, individual solvents and their mixtures, emulsions of solvents in water stabilized by surfactants, and aqueous washing solutions of alkaline and acidic types are used. The choice of degreasing compositions depends not only on the nature of the contaminants being removed, but also on the type of subsequent processing of the products.

Thus, if, after degreasing, products are processed in aqueous solutions, for example, phosphating or applying water-based paints and varnishes, then it is recommended to use aqueous alkaline compounds for degreasing. In other cases, organic solvents are used for degreasing.

Organic solvents used for degreasing must have high dissolving ability and chemical stability, must be highly volatile (quickly evaporate from the surface of products), regenerable, economically accessible and not in short supply, harmless, safe to use and not have a corrosive effect on metals. According to their dissolving ability, they can be divided into the following groups:

1. solvents with low dissolving ability—petroleum solvents (gasoline, white spirit);
2. solvents with average dissolving power - aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and esters;
3. solvents with high dissolving power - chlorinated hydrocarbons.

The advantage of petroleum solvents is their availability, low cost and low toxicity, therefore they are widely used for cold degreasing of large-sized products. Typically, degreasing of such surfaces is carried out by wiping with a rag soaked in white spirit, gasoline, Nefras 180/210.

These solvents are good at removing fresh and used mineral oils, consistent mineral oils, greases, and preservative compounds. When carrying out degreasing in baths by dipping, it is necessary to take into account that the dissolving ability of petroleum solvents is noticeably reduced when the degreasing composition contains more than 0.7% (wt.) oils.

The disadvantage of petroleum solvents is flammability, so they are often replaced with chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Of the chlorinated hydrocarbons, tri- and tetrachloroethylene, methylene chloride, as well as chlorofluorocarbons (freon 113, etc.) are used for degreasing. The advantage of such solvents is the possibility of their regeneration by distillation.

Trichlorethylene is widely used for degreasing the surface of ferrous metals. It is not allowed to degrease products made of aluminum and its alloys with this solvent, as the formation of explosive mixtures is possible. You should also not degrease parts wetted with aqueous solutions and emulsions, as this may result in the formation of an insoluble sticky mass. For the purpose of stabilization, substituted phenols, hydrazones, amines (diphenylamine, diethylamine and their mixtures) are added to trichlorethylene in amounts up to 0.1% (wt). These stabilizers can also be used for other chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as tetrachlorethylene.

To degrease the surface of aluminum and its alloys, tetrachlorethylene is used, which is more resistant to decomposition than trichlorethylene. Methylene chloride is used to remove polishing pastes, clean optical glasses and vacuum pump assemblies. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane is used in all cleaning methods, even wiping. Trichloroethane-based formulations also include 1,4-dioxane, nitromethane, methyl ethyl ketone, propyl alcohol and other solvents. Regeneration of trichloroethane in baths is carried out when the contaminant content reaches 50% (mass).

In recent years, chlorofluorocarbons have been used for degreasing, the main advantage of which is their low toxicity. Freons 112 and 113, which have relatively high boiling points, are most often used to remove contaminants from products made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, as well as printed circuit boards made on a polymer base.

For degreasing, azeotropic mixtures of solvents are widely used, the dissolving ability of which is higher than that of each component included in the mixture.

The following azeotropic mixtures based on freon-112 are recommended: binary mixtures with one of the aliphatic alcohols (methyl, butyl, isobutyl or sec-butyl); triple mixtures with trichlorethylene or trichloroethane and methyl alcohol (methyl alcohol can be replaced with ethyl or isopropyl alcohol).

Printed circuits are degreased with a mixture of freon-112 with isobutyl alcohol and nitromethane. It is recommended to clean printed circuits after soldering using a mixture of freon-113 and methyl alcohol (93:7 by weight) or freon-113 and methylene chloride (50.5:49.5 by weight). Compositions based on freon-113 are used to clean components and units of radio-electronic equipment. Below is an example of a composition for cleaning printed circuit boards, % (wt.) (US Pat. 3960746):

• Freon-113 93.1—94.5
• Methyl alcohol 5-6.3
• Nitromethane 0.05—0.6

Emulsion compositions, which are emulsions of solvents in water stabilized by surfactants, are widely used for degreasing. The advantage of such compositions is non-flammability, lower toxicity than individual solvents, as well as higher efficiency of the degreasing process due to the simultaneous dissolution and emulsification of contaminants.

Hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons are used as solvents in emulsion compositions, and naphthenates, alkyl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, and polyoxyethylene surfactants are used as emulsifiers. Surfactants improve the wettability of degreased surfaces, accelerate the transition of contaminants into solution and prevent secondary contamination of products. In order to combine emulsifiers with solvents, alcohols and glycol ethers are added to emulsion compositions. Alkaline components (alkali metal phosphates, amines, soaps, sodium silicate) are added to compositions intended for removing compacted oils and tarred fats.

A typical emulsion composition is the following composition, % (wt.):

• Trichlorethylene 20—80
• Water 19-79
• Surfactant (alkylphenol oxyethyl phosphate) 0.5–15
• Acid salts of alkenyl succinic acid 0.5-8

Another emulsion composition based on trichlorethylene contains the following components,% (wt.):

• Alkylbenzenesulfonate (DS-PAC) 1.0
• Emulsifier OP-10 1.0
• Sodium pyrophosphate 0.5
• Oxamine* 0.5
• Trichlorethylene 20.0
• Water 77

* A mixture of polyethylngicol derivatives of aliphatic amines.

Emulsion compositions based on petroleum solvents are used for cleaning products made of ferrous metals, bronze, brass, and duralumin. Similar preparations of AM-15 grades are used both in pure form and as additives (5-10%) to other emulsion compositions. Using these compounds, fuel oil, mineral oils and carbon deposits based on them are removed. Below are the recipes for detergent compositions AM-15, % (mass.):

* Monoethanolamine salt of sperm whale fat alcohols.

** Mixture of polyethylene glycol ethers of higher saturated alcohols.

BKP solvents have been developed as solvents with improved cleaning properties instead of white spirit:

To clean the walls of containers from oil residues and remove light rust, the following composition is used, % (mass):

• Sulfonol NP-1 1.5—2
• Sulfonol NP-5 3.0—2.5 Soda ash 30 Liquid glass 15.5
• Methylene chloride 50

During the preparation process, sulfonols NP-1 and NP-5 are first mixed, then soda ash and liquid glass are added. Using this composition, fuel tanks are cleaned, and there is no need to pre-steam them or remove residues from them. Cleaning is carried out at a temperature of the detergent composition of 29-320C; after cleaning, the tanks are rinsed with water.

• For degreasing aluminum, the following composition is recommended, % (wt.):
• Butyl alcohol 40
• Phosphoric acid 10
• isopropyl alcohol 30
• Water 20

Alcohols can be replaced with butylcellosolve with the addition of 1-2% (wt.) anionic surfactant.

To degrease products made from polymer materials, inert solvents are used that do not cause destruction of the polymer substrate:

• Polystyrene: Ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol; ethyl cellosolve + ethyl alcohol (1: 1)
• Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic: Ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, white spirit, gasoline
• Polycarbonate (diflon): White spirit + xylene (70: 30), gasoline BR-1 + acetone (95:5)
• Organic glass grades CT-I and L COM (75:25): Ethyl alcohol + acetone, gasoline BR-1 + acetone (80: 20)

There are methods of cold and hot degreasing. Cold degreasing is carried out at room temperature by wiping with a rag, dipping or jet method. This method is ineffective, but is used quite widely. A modern method is hot degreasing in solvent vapors. For this, chlorinated hydrocarbons are used, which are heated to boiling point in special baths.

The use of ultrasonic units for degreasing is progressive. In this case, the degreasing process is reduced, and it becomes possible to reduce the content of active solvents in the compositions.

How and with what to degrease plastic

Plastic is a more delicate surface and is easy to spoil and damage. If you have not yet tried solvents and degreasers on the desired surface, then it is better not to risk it

• Use any type of alcohol, such as ammonia;
• Don't use solvents, you'll just dissolve the top of the part;
• An excellent alternative would be vodka or pharmaceutical alcohol with a high percentage. For plastic this will be enough.

A plastic part cannot always be cleaned with sandpaper, so wipe it only with a rag, removing all dust and dirt.

As you can see, each surface needs a different approach during this procedure. Remember the main points:

• It is better to clean wood and metal with sandpaper, if the part allows it;
• Glass and plastic cannot be cleaned this way. Use a thick, rough cloth soaked in degreaser;
• Pure alcohol is one of the best remedies, but now White Spirit and vodka are more often used due to their cheapness and availability;
• Do not touch the surface with hands without gloves - they will leave sebum.

By following simple instructions, you can easily bond surfaces or paint the part a different color.

Keep in mind that there may be incompatibility between the paint coating and the solvent, so read the instructions carefully. Surfaces must be thoroughly washed and dried. An equally important step before painting is degreasing. Otherwise the paint will simply roll off. As a result, the layers will be uneven and many defects will appear, which can only be eliminated by repainting.

Car body degreaser

What should you degrease the car surface from:

• presence of fingerprints;
• sticky marks left from using stickers or tape;
• residues after using silicone sprays, as well as protective polishing compounds;
• bitumen stains;
• not completely burned diesel fuel or combustion residues of engine oil itself.

What is a degreaser and why do you need it?

A degreaser or nail prep is a special product with a special composition. It comes in the form of a liquid that quickly dissolves fatty stains. Certain elements have a disinfecting effect on the plates and the skin next to it. After this procedure, decorative coatings can be applied to the surface.

So what are nail preps used for:

• Using them, you can clean the plates from all kinds of contaminants;
• The product removes excess fat, moisture, and has a drying effect;
• Used to disinfect nails and nearby skin;
• Increases the degree of adhesion to coatings;
• Extends the duration of manicure.

What does it contain?

When choosing nail preps, special attention should be paid to the composition. Acid-free or acid-containing components can be used as the base of the product. They have some distinctive features - cost, action, degree of purification, therapeutic effect and many others.

In addition to acids (methacrylic is usually used), the composition contains other components:

• Vitamin complexes;
• Substances with a disinfecting effect - alcohol, ethyl acetate;
• Fragrances;
• Special oils;
• Isobutyl or butyl acetate;
• Isopropanol

How to use a degreaser?

Nail degreaser must be used correctly. It should provide strong adhesion of the natural surface to the decorative coating - varnish or gel. For this reason, it is important to strictly follow the rules when using nail prep:

• To begin with, prepare the nails, cut the cuticle;
• Next, using a buff, the shine is removed from the surface;
• Then we start applying nail prep. Using a brush located on the lid of the bottle, place a small amount and distribute it on the surface;
• Dry it a little, remove excess with a napkin.

Working with degreasers

To degrease the part, special solvents are used. Most of them are fire hazards and have high chemical activity and, if handled incorrectly, can cause serious harm to health or damage material assets. To prevent this from happening, you must follow the following safety rules:

• Work in a room equipped with exhaust ventilation.
• Provide good lighting to the work area.
• It is strictly forbidden to use open fire within 5 meters of the work site. Of course, this also applies to smoking.
• Be sure to use personal protective equipment: rubber gloves, safety glasses or a transparent protective shield, a respirator, thick clothing, a hat and shoes that do not leave exposed skin.
• It is also recommended to use an apron made of thick canvas.
• Particular care must be taken when working with aluminum surfaces - in combination with some degreasers, fire and even explosion are possible.

The surface should be treated as follows:

• Apply the degreasing solution with a lint-free cloth.
• A second napkin of the same type is used to wipe and dry the surface.
• The procedure is carried out immediately after mechanical treatment of the surface, immediately before painting or gluing, so that it does not have time to become contaminated again.
• After the operation is completed, do not touch the degreased surface with your hands or other objects.

To check the quality of the operation performed, attach a piece of white paper to the surface. If dirt remains, it will be visible on the paper.

Another way to check is to drop water on the surface. On a well-treated surface, the water will spread out like a film; on a dirty surface, it will form a ball.

Types of degreasing solutions

The question: how to degrease a car body with your own hands is faced by many car owners. Any body repair work involving painting goes through this surface preparation stage. Using a car degreaser, contaminants in the form of dust after grinding, oil and grease are removed from the car body.

Now, basically, paint, solvent and hardener are sold together, so you will not face the problem of choice in all cases.

Acetone GOST 2768-84 YASKHIM 1l

Cars are degreased with anything. Car enthusiasts use both purchased and folk remedies. A mixture of vinegar and liquid detergent comes to the rescue. Car owners also have acetone, kerosene, gasoline, and solvents in their arsenal.

Experts do not recommend using all of these liquids, since some simply will not cope with the tasks, while others are too aggressive and can damage the paintwork. The best means for degreasing surfaces immediately before painting are those that manufacturers make specifically for this purpose.

How to degrease a car body depends on what a particular part is made of. For example, aluminum parts can only be treated with special degreasers. To remove residual mastic, rubber or traces of bitumen, you can use the well-known white spirit. He will do an excellent job with this task. Solutions of salts and acids will effectively remove the oxide film, but will not completely remove greasy stains.

All compositions intended for degreasing the body surface are divided into the following groups:

• organic solvents;
• solutions of alkali and acids.

A special anti-silicone product has proven itself well.

Organic means for degreasing a car body, such as white spirit, acetone, kerosene, xylene, mainly remove fat-containing substances. Do not abuse kerosene. It doesn't wash off well, so it's not very practical to use on its own. After this, it is necessary to dehydrate the surface. But in the fight against bitumen stains, it is your best assistant.

Synthetic car degreasers should be used to remove difficult-to-remove oil-containing substances of both organic and inorganic origin. They are more versatile.

Plastic parts, as well as products made of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, are treated with water-containing degreasers. Antisilicone and antistatic are excellent for plastic. Specialists mainly use white spirit at the beginning of work, and immediately before applying paint and varnish, they use compositions based on phosphoric acids or alcohols.

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Criterias of choice

It is very important not to make a mistake in choosing a product suitable for a particular job. This is especially true for car painting work.

Some components may be incompatible with each other, then manufacturers indicate on the packaging what exactly is suitable for a particular product. If you make the wrong choice, you can damage the surface being treated. Incorrectly selected tools may simply not cope with the assigned tasks.

When choosing a solution for degreasing a car body, you need to consider the following nuances:

• the ability to dissolve those substances that contain fat;
• degree of adhesion to putty, primer or enamel;
• aggressiveness towards metal.

Choosing the right degreaser

When choosing degreasing products, you must consider three factors:

• Material of the processed surface;
• Nature of contamination;
• Required quality of surface cleaning.

Most degreasers are universal; they can be used to treat metal and plastic surfaces, as well as surfaces with some types of paint coatings. However, for successful processing of plastics, it is recommended to use products with antistatic agents. Also, degreasers based on chlorinated hydrocarbons and other organic solvents with high solvent power cannot be used for plastic. Typically, the applicability of the products is indicated by their manufacturer on the packaging (label).

When choosing degreasing agents based on the nature of the contaminants, you need to consider the following:

• All organic degreasers (regular and emulsion) cope well with fats, traces of any hydrocarbons (oils, greases, fuel oil, bitumen stains), silicones and other contaminants of organic origin;
• Alkaline and acidic degreasers cope worse with hydrocarbons, but they remove oxide films from metals, rust, etc. well;
• In addition to removing hydrocarbons, emulsion products do a good job of removing carbon deposits, oxide films and other contaminants.

Products traditionally used for degreasing surfaces

Not every product is suitable for processing wood, plastic, metal and other materials, so carefully read the instructions on the package. Study how this or that composition works, and be sure to test it on a separate area of ​​the workpiece.

Alkaline degreasers

All alkali-based degreasers contain two to four alkaline components. Also included are surfactants, water, conditioners and corrosion inhibitors. Alkaline components include the following substances:

• amines;
• soda ash;
• silicates and phosphates.

Treating any surfaces with alkaline agents should be carried out in compliance with safety precautions - you must always work in a respirator and gloves.

PHOTO: newton.ua Under the influence of silicates, contaminants removed from the treated surface are emulsified. This simplifies the cleaning process. To obtain the desired result, apply a small amount of solution to a rag and treat one area, then add a few more drops of the product to the surface.

Organic chemical solvents

In order to perform high-quality cleaning of any surfaces before painting or gluing, find out in advance what products are used to degrease wood, metal or plastic.

Solvents have the following characteristics:

• good dissolving ability;
• chemical inertness towards the treated surface;
• relative safety of solutions intended for use at home.

Organic solvents are suitable for removing grease and dirt from plastic and rubber products.

Removal of fat by emulsification method

Emulsification of fats occurs when exposed to chemically active substances. If you need to treat surfaces that are contaminated not only with grease, but also with metal dust, then use solutions with an emulsion degreasing effect for treatment. In this case, ordinary solvents and alkaline solutions will not produce the desired effect.

PHOTO: wikihow.comAfter the surface has been treated, begin painting or gluing parts. Do not allow the new layer of dust to appear on the base or small fluff and drops of grease to get on it.

Water-based degreasers

Water-based cleaners are great for treating a variety of surfaces and removing the following stains:

• silicone;
• salt;
• fat;
• wax.

Also, using a water-based degreaser, you can easily remove traces left by road chemicals. The main advantage of this product is that it does not affect the paintwork, which means it can be used when treating the floor. In addition, water-based degreasers have antistatic properties and are suitable for treating plastic products that cannot be treated with solvents.

Universal degreaser

Often in everyday life it is necessary to get rid of fat or any kind of contamination, but the integrity of the material is a priority. To get rid of grease as effectively as possible and not damage the surface or a valuable part, use a universal degreaser. This product is not expensive and can be purchased at almost any hardware store.

It can be used in almost any conditions because it is not fussy. The product helps even in hopeless situations, when it seemed almost impossible to get rid of fat. The solution can get rid of not only fat, but also glue with silicone.

The solution provides excellent adhesion, which is needed for gluing, varnishing or painting surfaces.

Universal cleaner:

• plastic;
• metal;
• tree;
• concrete.

Besides this, it can also be used for glass. Many users even use it in the kitchen and at home, since the product is unique and effective. A bottle of the substance is enough to clean your car of dirt. In addition to household use, the universal composition is also used at the industrial level, in large quantities. However, it is worth noting that working with large portions requires special control.

Compound:

1. technical acetone;
2. xylene;
3. solvent

The composition also includes other substances that are similar in their properties to those listed. Their main property is purification. The main advantage of the substance is its safe use and no damage to the surface. The price of the product varies significantly. The main difference is the size of the container from the manufacturer.

The release form also varies. Large cylinders and sprayers are sold. To use the can, you need to shake it before use. Then apply 20-30 cm to the surface, wait a while and wipe off any grease or dirt with a napkin. If this procedure does not bring results, you need to do it again.

Important. The most effective container will be a small container with the ability to spray. This is due to the safety of use and the accuracy of the product getting into the place of contamination. Thanks to the sprayer, you can get into hard-to-reach places.